LL-37 calculator
This is a research reference, not a product for sale or a dosing recommendation. No amount is selected for LL-37. A listed name does not mean it is supplied in a vial or should be injected.
About LL-37
LL-37 is a 37-amino-acid human cathelicidin peptide cleaved from the hCAP-18 precursor and produced by cells including neutrophils and epithelial cells. It participates in innate immune research through antimicrobial activity and effects on inflammatory and tissue-repair signaling. Human studies have examined it in hard-to-heal venous ulcers, but results differ: an early small trial reported a signal, while a later, larger study found no significant benefit across its full study population. It is investigational, not an approved drug.
At a glance
- Class
- Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; LL-37 is the active 37-amino-acid fragment of hCAP-18.
- Studied mechanism
- Can disrupt microbial membranes and has been studied for immunomodulatory and FPR2-associated tissue-repair signaling.
- Evidence context
- Venous-ulcer trials have produced mixed results: an early small study reported a healing signal, while a later phase IIb study found no significant overall benefit.
Blank arithmetic calculator
For independently verified inputs, concentration equals entered vial amount in mg divided by added liquid in mL. Entered requested mg divided by concentration gives mL; multiplying mL by the actual syringe markings per mL gives units. Enable JavaScript to use the calculator. This math does not establish that a compound is suitable for injection.
Common questions
Where does human LL-37 come from?
LL-37 is released when the precursor protein hCAP-18 is cleaved. It is the only cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide produced by humans.
What did clinical studies of LL-37 in venous ulcers find?
A small early trial reported improvement at some tested concentrations, but a larger phase IIb trial found no significant improvement across the overall study population. The human evidence is therefore mixed.
Research & references
- Evaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a multicentric prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
- Grönberg et al. 2014 — earlier randomized LL-37 venous-ulcer trial
- A comprehensive summary of LL-37, the factotum human cathelicidin peptide
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